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Data-Driven Teaching

Launch Monitor Constraints

Parameter-based teaching using launch monitor data. Know when to use it — and when not to.📄 ICC Athletic Development Plan (PDF)

What Launch Monitors Measure

ParameterUnitDescription

Ball Speed

mph

Energy transfer from club to ball

Club Head Speed

mph

Raw speed

Smash Factor

ratio

Ball Speed / Club Head Speed (efficiency)

Launch Angle

°

Angle ball leaves clubface

Spin Rate

rpm

Backspin on ball

Carry Distance

yards

Club Path

°

In-to-out is positive, out-to-in is negative

Face Angle

°

Open is positive, closed is negative

Face-to-Path

°

Relationship between face and path (determines curve)

Launch Monitor Use by Age

Ages 4–10Do NOT use launch monitor for instruction.

Data creates anxiety and over-focus on numbers rather than feeling. Exception: measuring and celebrating distance milestones in a fun context only.

Ages 11–13Introduce sparingly.

Focus only on: Ball Speed and Carry Distance. Celebrate progress. Avoid path/face data at this age — creates over-analysis.

Ages 14+Full monitor use appropriate.

All parameters. Pair data with video.

Ages 15+ / CompetitiveFull FORGE protocol using launch monitor.

See the FORGE module for complete protocol.

Constraint-Based Parameter Goals

Ball Speed (ages 11–13, driver)
Target

90–100 mph (age 12)

100–115 mph (age 14)

If Below / Issue

Ground force work, pivot efficiency

Drill / Fix

Hit 5 balls trying to increase smash factor above 1.40

Smash Factor (all ages with LM)
Target

1.40+ = good contact

1.45+ = excellent

If Below / Issue

Contact calibration needed before speed training

Drill / Fix

Impact tape or powder on face to show contact point

Spin Rate (wedges, ages 13+)
Target

Tour wedge: 8,000–12,000 rpm from 100 yards

High school 13+: Target 6,000–9,000 rpm from 100 yards

If Below / Issue

Open face, steep attack — shaft lean needed

Cue

"Feel like you're squeezing a towel through the ball"

Launch Angle (driver, ages 14+)
Target

Optimal launch for distance: 12–15° with 2,500–2,800 rpm

If Below / Issue

Descending angle of attack on driver

Drill / Fix

Tee higher, move ball forward, feel the hit going up

Face-to-Path Relationship (Ages 14+)

Rule of thumb: Ball starts where the face points, curves away from path.

Zero face-to-path

Straight ball

Positive (path right of face)

Draw

Negative (face right of path)

Fade / Slice

FORGE INTEGRATION

The launch monitor is the foundation of the Carry Index drill (FORGE Drill 5). See the FORGE module for full protocol.